SIGNALS
7. Employes whose duties may require
them to give signals, must provide themselves with the proper appliances,
keep them in good order and ready for immediate use.
7 (A). Signals must be used strictly
in accordance with the rules. Employes in train, engine or yard service
and others concerned must keep a constant lookout for signals. Employes
giving signals must locate themselves so as to be plainly seen, and
give them so as to be plainly understood.
When practicable, all signals must be given on the engineer’s
side of track, but they must be respected when received from either
side.
The utmost care must be exercised by employes to avoid
acting upon signals that may be intended for other trains or engines.
Unless employes are positive that signals given are for them, they must
not move their train or engine until communication is made by words.
When backing or pushing a train or cars, the disappearance
from view of trainmen or light by which signals are given, must be regarded
as a stop signal, except when leading car is
equipped with a back-up air brake hose or pipe and Whistle in charge
of a trainman.
7 (B). Crews of trains clear of main
track must not give a proceed signal to an approaching train.
7 (C). Where there are close side clearances,
or where conditions require, employes will, if practicable, work on
the opposite side.
8. Flags or lights of the prescribed
color and type must be used as required by the rules by day, and lights
of the prescribed color and type must be used by night.
9. Day signals must be displayed from
sunrise to sunset, but when day signals cannot be plainly seen, night
signals must be used in addition.
Night signals must be displayed from sunset to sunrise.
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COLOR SIGNALS
10.
COLOR |
INDICATION |
(a) Red |
Stop. |
(b) Yellow |
Proceed as prescribed by the rules. |
(c) Green |
Proceed, and for other uses prescribed by the rules. |
(d) White |
Flag stop (See Rule 28) and for other uses prescribed by the rules. |
(e) Blue |
As prescribed by Rule 26 and for other uses. |
(f) Purple |
When used on siding derails—
Stop; and for other uses as prescribed by the rules. |
(ff) Lunar |
For use as prescribed by the rules. |
10 (g). When a red flag or a red light is found between
the rails of the track, or on the engineer’s side of the track,
train must stop before passing it and not proceed until proper verbal
information is obtained, or written information is found with the red
signal, or a proceed signal given with yellow flag or yellow light is
received from foreman in charge.
Red signal must be replaced when found between the rails.
10 (h). When a yellow flag or a yellow
light is found on the engineer’s side of the track, or is displayed
by a flagman, train must be prepared to stop at a red signal one and
one-half
miles from the yellow signal.
In the absence of a red signal at that location, train may proceed at
a speed of not more than ten (10) miles per hour unless a different
speed is specified by train order or bulletin,
until a green flag or green light is found on the engineer’s side
of the track, indicating that slow track has been passed. Speed must
not be increased above that specified until entire train has passed
over the slow track. Rear trainman must give proceed signal when rear
of train has passed green signal.
If a flagman is at the yellow signal, the signal must
be acknowledged, Rule 14 (g).
FUSEES
11. A train or engine finding a fusee
burning red on or near its track must stop, and may then proceed at
restricted speed for one mile.
A train or engine finding a fusee burning red beyond the
nearest rail of an adjacent main track need not stop, but must proceed
at restricted speed for one mile.
11 (A). Fusees must not be placed where
they might set fire to anything, nor on public crossings.
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HAND, FLAG AND LANTERN SIGNALS
12.
(h) Any object waved violently by any person on or near the track must
be respected as a signal to stop.
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ENGINE WHISTLE SIGNALS
14. The whistle must be sounded where
required by rule or law. In case of whistle failure, speed of train
must be reduced and the bell rung continuously when approaching and
passing through stations, yards, over public crossings and around curves.
The signals prescribed are illustrated by “0"
for short sounds; "—" for longer sounds. The sound of
the whistle should be distinct, with intensity and duration proportionate
to the distance signal is to be conveyed.
The unnecessary use of the whistle is prohibited and it
must not be sounded while passing or being passed by a passenger train,
except where required by rule or law, or in case of an emergency.
SOUND |
INDICATION |
(a) — |
When standing, air brakes applied. |
(b) — — |
Release brakes. Proceed. |
(c) — o o o |
Flagman protect rear of train. |
(d)— — — — |
Flagman may return from west or south, as prescribed by Rule 99. |
(e) — — — — — |
Flagman may return from east or north, as prescribed by Rule 99. |
(f) o o o — |
Protect front of train. |
(g) o o |
Answer to 14 ( k ) or any signal not otherwise provided for. |
(h) o o o |
When standing, back.
Answer to 12 (d) and 16 (c).
When running, answer to 16 (d). |
(j) o o o o |
Call for signals. |
(k) — o o |
SINGLE TRACK—To call attention of engine and train crews
of trains of the same class, inferior trains and yard engines,
and of trains at train order meeting points to signals displayed
for a following section.
If not answered by a train, the train displaying signals must
stop, notify them and ascertain the cause.
DOUBLE OR THREE OR MORE TRACKS —To call attention of engine
and train crews of trains of the same class and inferior trains
moving in the same direction and yard engines to signals displayed
for a following section.
EXCEPTION: Rule 14 ( k ) does not apply in CTC territory. |
(l) — — o — |
Approaching public crossings at grade. Standard sign will designate
point at which signal must begin, to be prolonged or repeated until
crossing is occupied by engine or cars. This signal must also be
used frequently to warn trackmen and other employes when view is
restricted by weather, obscure curves, or other unusual conditions,
and when approaching tunnels and snow sheds, also as alarm for persons
or livestock on the track. |
(m) ——————— |
Approaching stations, junctions, railroad crossings at grade,
drawbridges, and mail cranes located between stations. |
(n) — — o |
Approaching meeting or waiting points. Answer to 16 (1). See
Rule S-90. |
(o) o — |
Inspect train for air leak or for brakes sticking. |
(p) Succession fof short sounds |
When an emergency exists and it is necessary to use engine whistle
to call for brakes to be applied on moving train or cars, or when
necessary to use engine whistle to signal some other movement to
stop. |
(q) — o |
When running against the current of traffic:
(1) Approaching stations, curves, or o t h e r p o i n t s
where view may be obscured.
(2) Approaching p a s s e n g e r
or freight trains and when passing freight trains.
(3) Preceding the s i g n a 1 s prescribed by 14 (d) and 14
(e).
|
(r) — — — — — o |
Flagman may return from east or north on 3 track or diverging
line, as prescribed by Rule 99.
|
(s) — — — — o |
Flagman may return from west or south on 3 track or diverging
line, as prescribed by Rule 99. |
(t) — — — — — o o |
Flagman may return from east or north on 4 track, as prescribed
by Rule 99. |
(u) — — — — o o |
Flagman may return from west or south on 4 track, as prescribed
by Rule 99. |
(z) o — o |
Transfer of air brake control. |
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TORPEDOES
15. The explosion of two torpedoes is
a signal to immediately reduce speed to twenty (20) miles per hour or
as much slower as conditions require, keeping a close lookout for train
or obstruction. After reducing to twenty (20) miles per hour, speed
must not be increased until train has reached a point at least one mile
from where the torpedoes were exploded.
The explosion of one torpedo will indicate the same as
two, but the use of two is required.
Torpedoes must be placed not less than 150 feet apart,
and not in immediate vicinity of station buildings, or public crossings,
or where they may cause injury.
During extremely cold weather or when torpedoes may be
covered with snow, a duplicate set must be placed on the opposite rail
to explode simultaneously.
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COMMUNICATING SIGNALS
16. Each car of a passenger train must
be connected with the engine by communicating signal appliance.
If the communicating signal fails, or an engine or car
not so equipped is used on a passenger train, arrangements must be made
for engineer to receive hand signal before passing stations. On passenger
trains so equipped, radio or telephone may be used in place of hand
signals.
When practicable, hand signals will be given in addition
to 16 (a) and 16 (c).
NUMBER OF SOUNDS |
INDICATION |
(a) Two |
When standing—start. |
(b) two |
When running—stop at once. |
(c) three |
When standing-——back. |
(d) three |
When running—stop at next passenger station. |
(e) four |
When standing—apply or release air brakes. |
(f) four |
When running—reduce speed. |
(g) five |
When standing—recall flagman. |
(h) five |
When running—increase speed. |
(j) six |
Increase train heat. |
(k) seven |
Shut off train heat. |
(l) one long |
When running—approaching meeting or waiting points as prescribed
by Rule S-90; brakes sticking; look back for hand signals. |
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HEADLIGHTS
17. The headlight must be displayed burning
bright to the front of every train by day and by night.
It must be extinguished when a train has stopped clear
of the main track to meet a train, or is standing to meet a train at
the end of double or three or more tracks, or at a junction.
At night, when an engine is backing without cars or is
backing pulling cars, a white light must be displayed in the direction
of movement.
S-17. When a train is to take siding
to meet an opposing train, and the headlight of the train which is to
take siding fails before train is clear of main track, or if view of
headlight is obscured by cars or other obstructions, a member of the
crew must be immediately sent ahead on main track to stop opposing train
until main track is clear.
Until the headlight of a train turned out to meet another
train is extinguished, it is an indication that the main track is obstructed.
The opposing train must approach prepared to stop before passing the
headlight and if the head end of train is clear of the main track, may
proceed only at restricted speed to the point where the main track may
be obstructed.
EXCEPTION: Rule S-17 does not apply in CTC territory.
17 (A). When the headlight fails enroute,
a white light must be used in its place, the bell rung continuously
while moving, the whistle sounded frequently, and the train dispatcher
notified at the first opportunity.
17 (B). Except in foggy or stormy weather,
or when closely approaching or passing over public crossings at grade,
or when other conditions make it inadvisable, headlight must be
dimmed under conditions outlined below:
In yards where yard engines are employed and at stations
where switching is being done;
When closely moving behind or when standing behind another
train;
On double or three or more tracks when approaching train
in the opposite direction;
In CTC territory, when meeting train and it is not necessary
to stop for opposing train;
While standing on main track awaiting arrival of an approaching
train that is to take siding, but not until approaching train dims its
headlight as a signal for the standing I train to do likewise;
When passing engine or rear of train, to afford identification
of moving train;
Approaching stations where train orders or messages are
to be handed up by operator;
At other times to permit passing of signals or when the
safety of employes or others requires.
17 (C). On engines so equipped, oscillating
white headlight must be displayed by night and at any time weather or
other conditions impair visibility. It must be extinguished when the
headlight is dimmed or extinguished.
Oscillating white light should be used in a stationary
position as a substitute headlight in case of failure of the headlight.
17 (D). On engine so equipped, oscillating
red headlight must be displayed immediately by day or by night under
the following conditions:
When a train is disabled or stopped suddenly by an emergency application
of air brakes;
When engineer or conductor finds it necessary to stop train due to some
defect which might cause an accident;
When an adjacent track is obstructed or there is a possibility of it
being obstructed; •
When head end protection is required.
When red headlight is displayed, an opposing train on
same or adjacent track must stop before passing headlight, ascertain
the cause and be governed by conditions.
The use of oscillating red headlight does not in any way relieve members
of the crew from compliance with Rules 99 and 102.
18. Yard engines will display the headlight
to the front and rear by night and at any time the view is obscured
by storm or fog. The headlight on the end that is coupled to cars may
be dimmed or extinguished while so coupled.
At night, when not provided with a headlight, a white light must be
displayed.
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MARKERS AND REAR END LIGHTS
19. Unless otherwise provided, the following
signals must be displayed in the places provided to the rear of every
train, as markers, to indicate the rear of the train:
By day, marker lamps lighted or unlighted, or green flags;
By night, marker lamps lighted, displaying green to the
front and side and red to the rear, except when train is clear of main
track, green must be displayed to front, side and rear.
One marker displayed will indicate the same as two but
the display of two is required.
EXCEPTIONS: That part of this rule requiring markers to
display green to rear when clear of main track does not apply in CTC
territory.
D-19. By night, when train is turned
out against the current of traffic, marker lamps lighted must display
green to the front, side and rear on the side next to the main track
on which the current of traffic is in the direction the train is moving,
and red to the rear on the opposite side.
19 (A). A train not equipped to display
the prescribed markers, will display a red flag by day and a red light
by night, to indicate the rear of the train, except when clear of main
track, a white light instead of a red light will be displayed.
EXCEPTIONS: The red light will not be replaced with a
white light in CTC territory.
19 (B). When the rear of a train is equipped
with built-in markers or electric signal lights, they must be lighted
by day and by night and the requirement that markers display green to
front and side will not apply.
19 (C). Unless otherwise provided, train
crews arriving at terminals must continue the display of markers until
the train has been delivered to connecting crew or is clear of main
track and switch is properly lined.
19 (D). On passenger trains so equipped,
red rear end light, when not operated automatically must, unless otherwise
provided, be displayed in oscillating position from sunset to sunrise
and when day signals cannot be seen due to weather or other conditions.
It must also be displayed in oscillating position by day when the train
is moving under circumstances in which it may be overtaken by another
train, or other emergency conditions require. Its use does not in any
way relieve members of the crew from compliance with Rules 99 and 102.
Red rear end light must be extinguished when train is clear of main
track or when train is to be switched from the rear.
19 (E). When markers of a train ahead
display red to the rear, or when red rear end light is displayed in
oscillating position, a following train on the same or adjacent track
must approach prepared to stop short of rear of preceding train. If
rear of preceding train is clear of the track being used, the following
train must then proceed at restricted speed until it is seen that the
entire train ahead is clear of the track being used, except that in
CTC territory, the following train will be governed by signal indication.
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CLASSIFICATION SIGNALS
20. All sections except the last must
display two green lights by day and by night on the front of the engine.
S-20. If both green lights fail enroute,
train must stop and notify inferior trains that are met or passed and
also trains at train order meeting points.
21. Extra trains must display two white
lights by day and by night on the front of the engine.
22. When two or more engines are coupled
together, each engine must display the required classification signals.
The leading engine only will give and answer signals.
EXCEPTION: In CTC or Rule 251 territory, a helper engine
moving over only a portion of a subdivision need not display signals.
23. One light displayed, where in Rules
20 and 21 two are prescribed, will indicate the same as two; but the
proper display of all train signals is required.
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INDICATORS
24. Trains may be identified by indicators
displayed on the engine when so equipped, which must have the train
number or engine number properly displayed. When train number is required,
train must not leave its initial station without the train number being
properly displayed in the indicators.
When number of train is changed, indicators must be changed
to correspond. Before making such change, movement of other trains must
be safeguarded.
When an engine is cut out of a train, train number must
be removed promptly from indicators.
Indicators will be displayed in the manner illustrated:
COMMON STANDARD INDICATORS
|
No. 2
|
|
First 2
|
|
Extra 162
|
|
Extra 7007A
|
|
Engine Number
|
|
Engine Number
|
|
Engine Number
|
24 (A). Helper engine, when used on head end of train,
must display train number in indicators where required, but unless otherwise
provided, train number must not be displayed until helper engine has
been coupled to train.
EXCEPTION: In CTC or Rule 251 territory, a helper engine
moving over only a part of a subdivision will display its engine number
instead of train number in indicators.
When helper engine is not on head end of train, or is
moving light to or from helping a train, the engine number only will
be displayed in its indicators.
24 (B). When an engine consists of more
than one unit and the train number is not used in indicators, the number
of one unit only will be illuminated at all times when in service, and
will be the identifying number. When practicable the number of the leading
unit must be used. The numbers of the other units must not be illuminated.
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INSPECTION AND REPAIR PROTECTION
26. A blue signal, displayed at one or
both ends of an engine, car or train, indicates that workmen are under
or about it; when thus protected, it must not be coupled to or moved.
Other equipment must not be placed on the same track so
as to intercept the view of the blue signals, without first notifying
the workmen. Each class of workmen will display the blue signals and
the same workmen are alone authorized to remove them.
When emergency repair work is to be done under the engine,
or under or about cars in a train, and a blue signal is not available,
the engineer must be notified by a member of the crew and protection
given those engaged in making the repairs. Train or engine must not
be moved, nor air brakes applied or released, until all employes are
out from under or from between cars, and the engineer so advised by
the same employe.
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USE OF SIGNALS
27. A signal imperfectly displayed, or
the absence of a signal at a place where a signal is usually displayed,
must be regarded as the most restrictive indication that can be displayed
by that signal, except that when a light is not burning on a signal
and the day indication is plainly seen, or if an indication is displayed
on a color light signal for the route to be used, it will govern.
Employes using a switch where the switch light is imperfectly
displayed or absent, must, if practicable, correct or replace the light.
A signal imperfectly displayed, or the absence of a signal at a place
where a signal is usually displayed, must be promptly reported to the
superintendent.
27 (A). Where reflectorized type switch
lamps are in use, in case of headlight failure or engine backing without
a headlight, trains and engines must approach facing point switches
at restricted speed.
28. A White signal must be used to stop
a train to receive traffic only at the flag stations indicated on its
schedule or in special instructions.
When necessary to stop a train for other purposes or at
other stations, a red signal must be used.
29. When a signal, except a fixed signal,
is given to stop a train, it must, unless otherwise provided, be acknowledged
as prescribed by Rules 14 (g) or (h).
30. Except where the stop and start,
forward or backward, is part of a switching movement, the engine bell
must be rung when an engine is about to move; while passing through
stations, tunnels and snow sheds; while approaching public crossings
at grade, beginning sufficiently in advance to afford ample warning,
but not less than one-fourth mile before reaching such crossing, and
continuing until the engine has passed over the crossing; and where
required by special instructions. The unnecessary use of the bell is
prohibited.
33. Watchmen stationed at public crossings
must use stop signals when necessary to stop trains. They must use prescribed
signals t stop highway traffic.
34. All members of the crew in cab of
engine must, and other members of train crew, when practicable, will
communicate to each other by its name the indication of each signal
affecting the movement of their train or engine as soon as it becomes
visible or audible. It is the responsibility of the engineer to know
that these requirements are complied with in cab of engine.
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